Solar Energy is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources in the world. Installing a Solar PV array offers significant benefits for homeowners and businesses alike. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), solar energy accounted for nearly 60% of global renewable capacity additions in 2022.
A typical 5kW solar PV system can reduce a household’s electricity bills by up to 70%, depending on location and energy usage. Additionally, the average solar panel has a lifespan of 25-30 years and can offset approximately 1.5 tons of carbon dioxide annually.
This guide will help you explore the steps to harness this sustainable, cost-effective energy source.
Technical Questions:
How do solar panels work, and will they generate power on cloudy days?
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites electrons, generating direct current (DC) electricity. This DC is then converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter for use in homes or businesses.
While solar panels generate the most power in direct sunlight, they can still produce electricity on cloudy days. Cloud cover reduces sunlight intensity, but the panels will still capture diffuse light and convert it into energy, although at a lower efficiency than clear skies. The energy output depends on the cloud density and time of day.
As trusted Domestic & Commercial Solar Panel Installers, we help you switch to clean, renewable power. Contact us today to start your journey toward energy independence!
Types of Solar PV Systems:
There are three main types of solar PV systems:
- Grid-Tied Solar System: This system is connected to the local electricity grid. It allows users to draw electricity from the grid when needed and send excess power back to the grid, often earning credits or payments for surplus energy (net metering).
- Off-Grid Solar System: Independent of the grid, off-grid systems use batteries to store energy for use when sunlight is unavailable. This system is ideal for remote areas without access to the electricity grid.
- Hybrid Solar System: Combining both grid-tied and off-grid features, a hybrid system stores excess energy in batteries while being connected to the grid. It provides backup power during outages and optimizes energy use.
What size solar PV system do I need for my property?
To determine the size of the solar PV system needed for your property, you should consider the following factors:
- Energy Consumption: Review your electricity bills to understand your average monthly or yearly consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This helps in estimating how much energy your solar system needs to generate.
- Roof Space: Measure the available space on your roof where solar panels can be installed. The size of the system will depend on how many panels can fit on that roof space.
- Solar Panel Efficiency: Higher-efficiency panels generate more energy in less space, which might be beneficial if roof space is limited.
- Location and Sunlight: The amount of sunlight recorded in your location affects how much power your system can produce. The orientation of your roof is also important.
- System Losses: Account for energy losses in the system (e.g., inverter loss, shading, dust) by increasing your estimate by about 10-25%.
As a general rule, a 1 kW solar system typically produces 3-4 kWh per day depending on location and time of year. So for a typical home using around 30 kWh per day, a 7-10 kW system might be needed.
A solar installer can conduct a detailed analysis based on these factors to recommend the best system size.
Will the system work during a power outage?
A standard grid-tied solar PV system will not work during a power outage because it is designed to shut down automatically for safety reasons. This is to protect utility workers who may be working on power lines. However, a hybrid solar system or an off-grid solar system can continue to operate during a power outage.
- Hybrid systems: These systems have batteries that store excess energy, allowing your solar panels to provide power during an outage. They are connected to the grid, but when the grid goes down, they can isolate themselves and use stored power.
- Off-grid systems: These are entirely independent of the grid and rely on battery storage to provide power during outages, ensuring you have access to electricity even when the grid is down.
If an uninterrupted power supply during an outage is a priority, consider a hybrid or off-grid solar system with energy storage.
What are the essential elements of a solar system?
The essential elements of a solar system are:
- Solar Panels (Photovoltaic Modules): These are the primary components that capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity.
- Inverter: It converts the DC electricity produced by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the type used by most home appliances.
- Mounting System: This is the structure that holds the solar panels in place, typically on a roof or ground. It ensures proper orientation and angle for optimal sunlight exposure.
- Charge Controller: In systems with batteries, this component regulates the charging and discharging of the batteries to prevent overcharging and damage.
- Battery (optional): Batteries store excess energy generated during the day for use at night or during power outages. This is essential in off-grid or hybrid systems.
- Wiring and Electrical Components: These include cables, connectors, and junction boxes that connect all the components of the system and ensure safe electricity flow.
- Metering and Monitoring System: This allows you to track the system’s energy production, consumption, and performance, ensuring everything is working efficiently.
Together, these components create a complete solar system or array. Capturing sunlight, converting it into usable electricity, and ensuring efficient energy storage or grid interaction.
What is the lifespan of solar panels, and how often do they need maintenance?
The lifespan of solar panels typically ranges from 25 to 30 years, although many panels continue to generate electricity beyond that period, albeit at a reduced efficiency. The efficiency of solar panels decreases gradually over time, with most panels losing about 0.5% to 1% of their efficiency annually.
In terms of maintenance, solar panels are generally low-maintenance. Here’s what to expect:
- Cleaning: Solar panels should be cleaned occasionally to remove dirt, dust, and debris that can block sunlight. The frequency of cleaning depends on the environment (e.g., more cleaning may be needed in dusty areas or places with heavy bird activity). Typically, cleaning once or twice a year is sufficient, but it may be more often if you live in a dusty area.
- Inspections: It’s recommended to have your solar system professionally inspected every 2-3 years to ensure all components (e.g., inverter, wiring, and mounts) are functioning properly and to check for any damage.
- Inverter Maintenance: Inverters usually need replacement after about 10 to 12 years, as they tend to have a shorter lifespan than solar panels. Regular monitoring of inverter performance is essential.
Overall, with minimal upkeep, solar panels can provide reliable service for many years, generating clean energy while requiring little intervention.
Do I need a battery backup system?
Whether you need a battery backup system depends on your energy needs and load profile. Here are some factors to consider:
- Power Reliability: If you live in an area with frequent power outages or unreliable grid service, a battery backup system can provide peace of mind. It stores excess energy generated by your solar panels for use during power outages, ensuring that your home remains powered when the grid is down.
- Energy Independence: If you’re looking to reduce reliance on the grid and increase your self-sufficiency, a battery system allows you to store solar energy for use at night or during cloudy days.
- Time-of-Use Rates: Some utility companies charge higher rates during peak demand times. A battery system can store energy during the day when it’s cheaper and release it during peak hours, potentially saving you money on electricity bills.
- Off-Grid Living: If you’re planning to go completely off-grid, a battery backup is essential to store energy, as there won’t be any grid connection.
If you don’t experience frequent power outages, have access to net metering (where you can sell excess energy back to the grid), and your primary goal is energy savings, a battery backup may not be necessary. However, if you value energy resilience and want more control over your power usage, adding a battery backup system could be a great investment.
As experts in Domestic & Commercial Battery Storage for Solar PV, we help you store excess solar energy for use when you need it most. Get in touch today.
Financial Questions:
How long will it take to break even or recover my investment?
The time it takes to break even or recover your investment in a solar PV system, often referred to as the payback period, depends on several factors:
- Initial System Cost: The cost of installing the system, including equipment, installation, and any additional features like battery backup.
- Energy Savings: How much you save on your electricity bill each month. A larger system or higher energy consumption will typically lead to greater savings.
- Incentives & Rebates: Government tax credits or local incentives can significantly reduce the upfront cost of the system, shortening the payback period.
- Electricity Rates: Higher electricity rates mean greater savings, which can accelerate the payback period.
- Solar System Size and Efficiency: A larger or more efficient system may cost more upfront but could generate more energy, leading to faster savings.
- Solar Irradiance: The amount of sunlight your location receives will influence how much energy your system produces, affecting savings.
On average, the payback period for a residential solar system ranges can be between 5 to 10 years. After this period, you can enjoy several years of free electricity, as solar panels typically last 25-30 years or more.
To get a more accurate estimate, a professional installer can assess your energy usage, local solar conditions, and the costs of installation to provide a tailored payback period for your property.
Are there government incentives, tax breaks, or rebates available?
Yes, the UK governement created the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) after the abolishment of the Feed In Tariff. This scheme pays homeowners and businesses for excess solar energy (EXPORT) sent to the grid.
There are also Tax Credits such as Solar tax credits. In the form of Investment Tax Credit (ITC) allows businesses to deduct a percentage of solar installation costs from taxable income. This reduction in tax owed significantly lowers the cost of going solar.
As well as the Annual Investment Allowance. This (AIA) is a type of capital investment allowance that enables businesses to claim tax relief on essential assets, including solar panels. The AIA allows businesses to deduct up to 100% of the cost of a solar panel installation before taxes on its profits are calculated.
Will solar panels increase the value of my property?
Yes, solar panels can increase the value of your property. Homebuyers and businesses are increasingly interested in energy-efficient features, and solar systems are seen as a valuable asset due to their potential to lower energy bills. Studies have shown that homes with solar panels can sell for a higher price compared to similar homes without them. The exact increase in value depends on factors like the size of the solar system, location, and the current property market. On average, homes with solar installations have been shown to sell for about 4% to 5% more than those without.
How much money can I save on my electricity bill?
The amount you can save on your electricity bill with solar panels depends on several factors:
- Energy Consumption: If your household uses a lot of electricity, the savings will be more significant. For example, if your monthly bill is around £200, a solar system could cover 70 -805 of that.
- Solar System Size: Larger systems can generate more energy, leading to greater savings. A typical residential system can save between £600 to £1,500annually, depending on location and energy needs.
- Location: Areas with more sunlight will generate more power and lead to higher savings. For example, regions with abundant sunshine will produce more electricity.
- Electricity Rates: Higher local utility rates make solar more cost-effective. If you live in an area with high electricity rates, you can save more.
- Net Metering: If your utility offers net metering, you can earn credits for excess energy sent to the grid, further reducing your costs.
On average, a solar system can cover 50% to 90% of your electricity usage, providing substantial savings on your monthly bill.
Installation and Property Considerations:
Is my roof suitable for solar panels (size, orientation, shading)?
To determine if your roof is suitable for solar panels, consider the following:
- Size: Ensure your roof has enough space to accommodate the panels needed for your energy needs. Each panel is about 1.8 square metres, so check if there’s enough area.
- Orientation: The best orientation for solar panels is south-facing(in the Northern Hemisphere), but east or west can work too with slightly reduced efficiency.
- Shading: Avoid shading from trees, buildings, or obstructions. Even partial shading can lower energy production. However, PV optimisers can help reduce shading issues.
- Roof Condition: Ensure the roof is structurally sound and has a lifespan of 20+ years for long-term benefit.
Do I need planning permission?
Whether you need planning permission or permits for solar panel installation depends on your location and the specifics of your property. In many areas, residential solar panel installations are permitted by right, meaning they don’t require formal approval. However, certain conditions may apply, such as:
- Roof Height or Aesthetic Regulations: If your home is in an area of outstanding beauty or has certain architectural restrictions such as Grade 2 Listing status, you may need planning permission.
- System Size: Larger systems may require planning permission, especially if you’re installing a commercial-grade system.
- Local Codes: Always check with your local council authority or building authority to confirm if permits or planning is required.
It’s recommended to consult a professional installer like Spectrum who will typically handle the planning process for you.
What happens if I sell my property?
If you sell your property with solar panels installed, there are a few important considerations:
- Increased Property Value: Solar panels can increase the resale value of your home, as many buyers appreciate the energy savings and sustainability.
- Transfer of Ownership: If you have a solar loanor lease, you’ll need to work out how the payments or ownership will transfer to the new owner. The buyer may take over the loan or lease, or you may choose to pay it off.
- Incentives and Warranties: Any remaining government incentives, rebates, or warranties might also be transferable, which could be an attractive selling point.
Consult with an estate agent to understand the implications based on your local market.
Will solar panels damage my roof?
No, solar panels generally do not damage your roof when installed correctly. In fact, they can help protect the roof by providing an additional layer of protection from weather elements like rain, hail, and UV rays. However, improper installation can lead to potential issues, such as leaks.
It’s important to hire a qualified installer like Spectrum who uses high-quality mounting systems and seals to ensure the panels are securely attached without compromising the integrity of your roof. Additionally, if your roof needs repairs or is nearing the end of its lifespan, it’s best to address that before installing solar panels.
What is the installation process and timeline?
The installation process for solar panels typically involves the following steps:
- Site Assessment: A professional installer will assess your roof, energy usage, and system requirements. This usually takes a few hours.
- Design & Permits from the DNO: The installer designs your system and obtains the necessary permits from your DNO, which can take 1 to 4 weeksdepending on their workload
- Panel Installation: The actual installation involves mounting the panels, connecting the wiring, and installing the inverter and/or battery. This typically takes 1 to 3 days depending on the size of the array..
- Inspection: After installation, the DNO may need to inspect the system to ensure compliance with grid safety codes. This can take 1 to 2 weeks.
- System Activation: Once approved, the system is connected to the grid, and the solar panels start generating power.
Overall, the entire process can take anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks, depending on DNO acceptance and inspection times.
How many panels do I need for my home or business?
The number of solar panels you need depends on several factors:
- Energy Consumption and load profile: Review your electricity bill to understand your average monthly or annual energy usage in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This is the primary factor in determining how many panels you’ll need.
- Panel Output: The average solar panel generates between400 to 650 watts of power. A typical 400-watt panel produces about 4kWh per day in optimal sunlight.
- Sunlight Hours: The amount of sunlight your location receives will influence the panel’s energy output. More sunlight means fewer panels needed.
- Roof Space: Ensure your roof has enough space for the number of panels required.
As a rough estimate, a typical home using 400kWh per month may require around 12 to 18 solar panels (depending on panel efficiency and location). A professional installer can help you determine the exact number based on these factors.
Environmental and Energy Concerns:
How much will solar panels reduce my carbon footprint?
Solar panels can significantly reduce your carbon footprint by generating clean, renewable energy. The exact reduction depends on your energy consumption, the size of your solar system, and the carbon intensity of the electricity grid in your area. On average:
- Carbon Emission Reduction: A typical 5kW solar system can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 3 to 4 tonsof CO2 per year, assuming it replaces electricity from fossil fuels like coal or natural gas.
- Annual Energy Savings: By producing your own solar energy, you reduce the need for grid electricity, cutting down on emissions associated with power generation.
Overall, using solar panels helps decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and significantly lowers your overall environmental impact.
Can I disconnect entirely from the grid with solar power?
Yes, you can disconnect entirely from the grid with an off-grid solar system. This requires solar panels, a battery storage system, and an inverter. The solar panels generate energy during the day, while the batteries store excess power for nighttime or cloudy days. Off-grid systems provide complete energy independence but require careful planning to ensure sufficient energy production and storage capacity to meet your needs year-round.
Initial costs are higher due to battery storage, and the system’s effectiveness depends on factors like energy consumption and location. A professional installer can help design the system to suit your requirements.
Our domestic & Commercial Off-Grid Solar System solutions provide reliable, self-sufficient power without relying on the grid. Contact us today.
What happens to excess electricity produced by the array?
Excess electricity produced by a solar array can be handled in a few ways, depending on the type of system and local regulations:
- Grid-Tied Systems: If you’re connected to the grid, excess power is often sent back to the grid through net metering. This allows you to earn money for the surplus electricity, which can offset future electricity bills when your solar panels aren’t producing enough power (e.g., at night).
- Off-Grid Systems: Excess electricity is typically stored in batteriesfor later use. If the battery is full, excess power may go unused unless additional storage is added.
- Sell to the Grid: Some areas allow homeowners to sell excess energy to the utility company, providing additional income or savings.
Warranty and Maintenance:
What warranties are included with the panels, inverter, and batteries?
Solar panels, inverters, and batteries typically come with warranties to ensure their longevity and performance:
- Solar Panels: Most solar panels come with a 25 to 30-year warranty. This generally covers defects in materials and workmanship, as well as a performance guarantee, which ensures the panels will still produce a certain percentage of their rated output (typically 80% to 90%of the original capacity) after 25 years.
- Inverters: Inverters typically come with a 5 to 12-year warranty, depending on the brand. Some manufacturers offer extended warranties for additional cost. Inverters may need to be replaced earlier than the panels due to their shorter lifespan.
- Batteries: Batteries usually have a 5 to 10-year warranty, depending on the type (lithium-ion or lead-acid). The warranty typically covers defects, performance degradation, and capacity loss over time. Some warranties guarantee a certain level of capacity retention, such as 70-80%after several years.
Always review the terms and conditions, as warranties may vary by manufacturer and location.
What kind of maintenance is required, and how often?
Solar panels require minimal maintenance, but to ensure optimal performance, a few tasks should be performed regularly:
- Cleaning: Clean the panels occasionally to remove dirt, dust, or debris that may block sunlight. This is typically needed once or twice a year, or more often in dusty areas.
- Inspections: It’s recommended to have a professional inspection every 2-3 yearsto check for damage or wear, including the mounting system, wiring, and inverter.
- Inverter Maintenance: Inverters should be monitored regularly to ensure they’re functioning properly. They often have monitoring systems that alert you to any issues. Typically, inverters last 10-15 years, so they may need replacing sooner than the panels.
- Battery Maintenance(if applicable): Batteries should be checked periodically for proper function, and their charge cycles should be monitored. Their lifespan is usually 5-10 years, so they may need replacing after that period.
Have questions or need assistance with your solar PV installation? Contact us today to speak with our experts and get personalised guidance!
