How to Install Solar Panels on the Ground in the UK

How to Install Solar Panels on the Ground in the UK: Complete Guide

At Spectrum Energy Systems, established in 2011, we've designed and installed ground-mounted solar systems across Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Lincolnshire for properties ranging from rural homes with large gardens to agricultural holdings seeking energy independence. Whether you need a garden solar panel installation or a ground mounted solar farm for your home, our MCS-accredited engineers ensure every installation meets UK regulations whilst maximising energy generation.

Whether you're exploring ground solar because your roof is unsuitable, you want to preserve your roof's appearance, or you simply have the land available, this guide will help you understand whether ground-mounted solar is right for your property and what the installation process involves.

What Are Ground-Mounted Solar Panels?

Ground-mounted solar panels are photovoltaic systems installed on frames secured to the ground rather than attached to building roofs. They use the same solar panel technology as roof installations but are positioned on dedicated mounting structures anchored to foundations in your garden, field, or other suitable land.

A solar panel ground array typically consists of metal frames (usually aluminium or galvanised steel) supported by concrete foundations, ground screws, or ballasted bases. The panels are arranged in rows at optimal angles for UK solar generation, with spacing calculated to prevent self-shading throughout the year.

How Ground-Mounted Systems Differ from Roof Installations

Unlike roof-mounted solar installations, ground systems aren't constrained by existing roof pitch, orientation, or structural limitations. This freedom allows precise optimisation of panel angle and direction for maximum energy generation. Understanding the factors affecting solar panel efficiency helps appreciate why ground mounting can outperform roof installation in suitable locations.

Ground-mounted systems also offer practical advantages: easier access for cleaning and maintenance, no roof penetrations or potential leak points, and the ability to expand the system as energy needs grow. However, they require available land and may need planning permission.

Types of Ground Mounting Systems

Three main solar panel ground mounting systems are used for UK installations:

• Fixed-tilt ground mounts: Panels set at a fixed angle (typically 30-40 degrees), the most common and practical option for UK installations
• Adjustable-tilt mounts: Allow seasonal angle adjustment to optimise generation throughout the year, typically adding 3-5% annual output
• Solar trackers: Motorised systems that follow the sun's path, increasing generation by 25-35% but with greater complexity and maintenance requirements

For most UK residential and commercial installations, fixed-tilt systems offer the best balance of performance, reliability, and simplicity.

Advantages of Ground-Mounted Solar Panels in the UK

Ground-mounted solar offers several compelling advantages that make it the preferred choice for many UK properties, particularly those with unsuitable roofs or ample land.

Optimal Panel Positioning

The greatest advantage of ground mounting is complete control over panel orientation and ground solar panel angle. For UK installations, the ideal angle is 35 degrees facing south. Whilst roof installations must work within existing roof geometry, ground systems can be positioned precisely for maximum generation. This optimisation can increase annual output by 10-15% compared to poorly-oriented roof installations. Our guide on choosing the right solar panel explains how panel selection complements proper positioning.

Enhanced Cooling and Efficiency

Solar panels lose efficiency as they heat up—typically 0.3-0.5% per degree above 25°C. Ground-mounted panels benefit from natural air circulation underneath, keeping them cooler than roof-mounted panels that trap heat against the roof surface. This cooling effect can improve real-world efficiency by 2-5% during summer months when generation is highest.

Easier Maintenance Access

Ground-level access eliminates the need for ladders, scaffolding, or working at height for routine maintenance. Cleaning panels, inspecting connections, and addressing any issues becomes straightforward. Regular solar panel maintenance ensures optimal long-term performance.

No Roof Concerns

Ground mounting eliminates all roof-related considerations: no structural assessments, no risk of roof leaks, no aesthetic impact on your home, and no concerns about roof condition or remaining lifespan. Properties with older roofs, listed buildings, or complex roof geometries often find ground mounting the only viable option.

System Expandability

Adding panels to a ground-mounted system is typically straightforward—simply extend the mounting array. Roof installations are limited by available roof space, but ground systems can grow with your energy needs, particularly valuable if you're planning future additions like EV charging or battery storage.

Disadvantages and Challenges

Ground-mounted solar isn't suitable for every property. Understanding the challenges helps determine whether ground installation makes sense for your situation.

The most significant barrier for many properties is simply land availability. Ground-mounted systems require unshaded, south-facing land that you're willing to dedicate to solar generation. For properties with limited outdoor space, roof-mounted solar typically remains the better option.

UK Planning Permission Requirements for Ground Solar Panels

Planning permission is one of the most important considerations for ground-mounted solar. Unlike roof installations that usually fall under permitted development, ground-mounted systems have specific criteria that determine whether planning approval is needed.

Permitted Development Rights

Ground-mounted solar panels can be installed without planning permission if ALL of the following conditions are met:

• Size limit: Total array area must not exceed 9 square metres
• Height limit: No part of the installation higher than 4 metres
• Boundary distance: Must be at least 5 metres from any property boundary
• Location: Must not be in front of the principal elevation (front of the house)
• Property type: Not within the curtilage of a listed building or in a conservation area
• Designated land: Not in a World Heritage Site, National Park, Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, or the Broads

When You Need Planning Permission

You must apply for planning permission if:

• Your array exceeds 9 square metres in area
• Any panel stands higher than 4 metres from ground level
• The installation is closer than 5 metres to a boundary
• Your property is in a conservation area, National Park, AONB, or World Heritage Site
• Your home is a listed building or within listed building curtilage

How to Apply for Planning Permission

The planning application process for ground-mounted solar typically involves:

• Pre-application advice: Optional but recommended—contact your local planning authority for informal guidance
• Application submission: Complete forms via the Planning Portal with site plans, elevation drawings, and design statement
• Consultation period: Neighbours and relevant bodies consulted (typically 21 days)
• Decision timeline: Most applications determined within 8 weeks

Planning approval rates for domestic ground-mounted solar are generally high where visual impact is reasonable and the installation doesn't affect neighbours significantly. Our team can assist with planning requirements as part of our installation service.

UK Building Regulations and Compliance

Beyond planning permission, ground-mounted solar installations must comply with various ground solar panel requirements UK regulations and standards. Understanding these requirements is essential whether you're considering DIY installation or hiring professionals.

Electrical Safety Standards

All electrical work must comply with BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations) and Part P of the Building Regulations. This includes:

• Proper cable sizing and protection
• Appropriate earthing and bonding
• Correct isolation and switching arrangements
• Protection against electric shock and fire

Electrical installation work connecting to your home's supply must be carried out by a competent person—either a registered electrician or someone certified under a competent person scheme.

Grid Connection Requirements

For grid-connected systems, you must notify your Distribution Network Operator (DNO):

• G98 notification: Required for systems up to 3.68kW per phase (16A). This is a notification process, not an approval—you inform the DNO within 28 days of installation
• G99 application: Required for larger systems. This requires approval before installation and may involve grid impact studies

Understanding the difference between grid-tied and off-grid solar systems helps clarify which regulations apply to your installation.

MCS Certification Importance

MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme) certification isn't legally required but is essential for:

• Eligibility for the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) payments
• Compliance with manufacturer warranty requirements
• Quality assurance and consumer protection
• Potential future incentive schemes

MCS certification requires installation by an MCS-accredited installer using MCS-certified products. DIY installations cannot be MCS-certified, which significantly impacts their financial returns through lost SEG income.

Site Assessment: Is Your Garden Suitable?

Before committing to ground-mounted solar, a thorough site assessment determines whether your land is suitable and what system size is achievable. Professional installers conduct detailed assessments, but understanding the key factors helps you make an initial evaluation.

Space Requirements

Ground-mounted systems require more space than you might expect, accounting for panel area, row spacing, and access paths:

These figures account for standard ground solar panel spacing of 2-3 metres between panel rows to prevent self-shading. Actual requirements vary based on panel efficiency, mounting system design, and site-specific factors.

Sun Exposure Analysis

Your site needs clear, unshaded sun exposure for the majority of daylight hours. Key considerations include:

• Orientation: South-facing is optimal; south-east or south-west typically achieves 95% of optimal output
• Shading: Assess shadows from buildings, trees, fences, and other structures throughout the day and across seasons
• Future shading: Consider tree growth and potential neighbouring developments

Understanding common solar panel problems including shading impacts helps appreciate why proper site assessment is crucial.

Ground Conditions

Soil type and ground conditions affect ground solar panel foundations and their requirements:

• Stable soil: Clay, chalk, or compacted soil suits most foundation types
• Rocky ground: May require adapted foundations but provides excellent stability
• Sandy/loose soil: May need deeper foundations or ground screws
• Waterlogged areas: Drainage must be addressed; may require elevated mounting
• Sloped terrain: Achievable but adds complexity to installation

Step-by-Step Ground Solar Panel Installation Process

Understanding the installation process helps set expectations whether you're managing a DIY project or working with professional installers. Ground-mounted installation typically takes 2-5 days depending on system size and ground conditions.

Step 1: Site Preparation

Step 2: Installing Foundations

Step 3: Mounting Frame Installation

Step 4: Solar Panel Installation

Step 5: Electrical Wiring

Step 6: Cable Runs to Property

Step 7: Inverter and System Setup

Step 8: Testing and Commissioning

DIY vs Professional Installation

The question of DIY ground solar panels UK versus professional installation requires careful consideration of regulations, safety, and long-term value.

What You Can Do Yourself

With appropriate skills, you can undertake:

• Site preparation and ground clearing
• Foundation installation (if competent with concrete work)
• Mounting frame assembly
• Physical panel installation
• DC wiring between panels

What Requires Professional Involvement

The following must be completed by qualified professionals:

• All AC electrical work: Connection to your home's electrical system requires a Part P registered electrician
• Grid connection: DNO notification and compliance requires professional sign-off
• MCS certification: Only achievable through MCS-accredited installers

For most homeowners, professional installation offers better value when SEG income, warranty protection, and peace of mind are considered.

Ground Solar vs Roof Solar: Which Is Better?

When comparing ground solar vs roof solar UK installations, the choice depends on your specific circumstances rather than one being universally superior.

Ground mounting makes most sense when: your roof is unsuitable (shading, orientation, condition, or structural concerns), you have ample suitable land, you want to maximise system size beyond roof capacity, or you prefer not to modify your roof. For comprehensive guidance on all installation types, consult our ultimate guide to installing solar PV.

Connecting to the Grid and Smart Export Guarantee

Grid connection allows you to export excess electricity and earn payments through the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG).

Grid Connection Process

Your installer handles DNO notification as part of professional installation. For systems under 3.68kW per phase, G98 notification is straightforward. Larger systems require G99 application with potential grid impact assessment.

Smart Export Guarantee

The SEG pays for electricity you export to the grid. Current rates range from 4-15p per kWh depending on supplier. To qualify, your installation must be:

• MCS-certified (excludes DIY installations)
• Under 5MW capacity
• Fitted with an export meter

Understanding solar incentives for UK homeowners helps maximise your installation's financial returns.

Maintenance Requirements

Ground-mounted systems require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance throughout their 25+ year lifespan.

• Panel cleaning: Every 6-12 months, or more frequently in dusty/agricultural areas
• Vegetation management: Regular grass cutting and weed control around the array
• Visual inspections: Quarterly checks for damage, loose connections, or wildlife interference
• Professional servicing: Annual inspection by qualified technicians
• Inverter monitoring: Regular review of system performance data

Our solar panel maintenance services keep ground-mounted systems performing optimally. Regular system health checks identify issues before they impact generation.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Learning from others' mistakes helps ensure your ground-mounted installation succeeds:

• Underestimating shading: Trees grow, neighbours build—consider future shading not just current conditions
• Inadequate foundations: Skipping proper foundations risks system stability and long-term performance
• Skipping planning permission: Enforcement action can require removal of non-compliant installations
• Poor cable management: Underground cables must be properly protected and documented
• Incorrect panel spacing: Rows too close together cause self-shading, reducing annual generation
• DIY electrical work: Illegal, dangerous, and voids insurance and incentive eligibility
• Ignoring drainage: Waterlogging around foundations can cause long-term structural issues

Professional Ground-Mounted Solar Installation

Ground solar panel installation UK offers excellent opportunities for properties with suitable land, delivering optimal panel positioning and easier long-term maintenance. However, the technical requirements—planning permission, foundations, electrical compliance, and grid connection—make professional installation the sensible choice for most homeowners.

At Spectrum Energy Systems, established in 2011, our MCS-accredited team has extensive experience designing and installing ground-mounted solar systems across the East Midlands. From initial site assessment through planning support to professional installation and ongoing maintenance, we ensure your ground-mounted system delivers maximum returns safely and compliantly.

Whether you're exploring ground mounting because your roof is unsuitable, you want to maximise system size, or you simply prefer keeping panels off your home, we'll help determine the best ground mount solar panels UK solution for your property and energy goals.

For more information on solar installation options, explore our homeowner's guide to solar panels, learn about battery storage benefits, or discover how long solar panels last in the UK. For agricultural properties, our farm solar solutions include ground-mounted options designed for rural settings.